The terrible disaster in the Nepal and (probably) Tibet has happened, when a debris flow came down one of the river valleys. The toll is still unclear. The images show a wall of mud, tens of meters high, coming at extreme speed, giving no warning. The cause was 5 km up in the mountains, where…
It was June 1893, and the Fram expedition had just set off. On board the Fram were Otto Sverdrupp as captain, Fridtjof Nansen as science lead, and 11 other crew members. The goal was to reach the North Pole with the least amount of effort and the largest amount of risk. They would sail east…
Volcanology involves a lot of watching. It has that in common with another science: astronomy. Both are sciences where it is not really possible to do experiments. Instead we have to wait until nature decides to do something, and study events as and when they happen. In volcanology, the event itself may last hours to…
It’s been a while since my last post in VolcanoCafe. I have been working on multiple ideas and gathering data, but not been able to finish anything. Today, I bring something exciting. I’m using GIS data (Geographic Information Systems) to explore in depth a volcanic arc, specifically the Aleutian Arc. There’s a lot of potential…
Imagine. You are being put in charge of planning for a future major volcanic eruption. All you have is an incomplete list of volcanoes in the world, some experience of past eruptions, and a few volcanologists as consultants. The politician who gave you the task has little idea of what might be involved and although…
Japan’s largest volcano lies hidden. It can be found, if you know where to look, by starting from the southern island of Kyushu. Find the active volcano Sakurajima. (We will come back to it later. But this is not that volcano.) Sakurajima lies in-between two bays, the twin calderas Aira and Ata: follow the bay…
Some fault systems in the world are well known for their destructive potential. Examples are Turkey’s North Anatolian fault and California’s San Andreas. In both cases, large events in the not-too-distant future are widely predicted. In Turkey, the march of magnitude-7 earthquakes towards Istanbul has drawn attention. The fault is both locked and stressed close…
Whirlwinds come in variations. The weaker category is known as dust devils, and the range extends to full-blown tornadoes – and even hurricanes can in some ways be seen as an outsized members. What they have in common is whirls, winds and heat. You can find them anywhere, from the deserts of Mars to the…
It was perhaps the most destructive event in Hawai’i in memory. And it was raised again in the blog comments recently. It turns out we have published a post on it in the past, written by Hector: https://www.volcanocafe.org/mauna-loa-from-1852-to-1868-part-2-the-1868-eruption-and-disaster/ Still, I had some bits together for a post on it so wrote it up anyway. Not…
Intro After writing two Io articles I return to Io again my favourite moon, looking at one single lava flow field. But read Alberts and my two other Io posts first. Jupiter’s moon Io is the most volcanically active place in our entire solar system. The most powerful active volcanoes ever seen by cameras…
The Southern Peninsula (Suðurnes) is the western part of the Reykjanes Peninsula; the border is drawn to exclude Reykjavik and its suburbs. Suðurnes is the first point of call for most visitors to Iceland. The main international airport, Keflavik, is located here: the road to Reykjavik runs along the entire northern coast of Suðurnes. It…
This is a repost of a guest post by volcanologist Dave McGarvie, first published here in 2017. Dave is currently associated with the Lancaster Environment Centre of Lancaster University; at the time of writing this post he was working at the Open University. He studies volcanoes in Iceland and Chile and can be found at…
From Sinuessa to Misenum the coast forms a vast gulf; beyond this is another gulf still larger, which they name the Crater. It is enclosed by the two promontories of Misenum and the Athenæum. It is along the shores of these [two gulfs] that the whole of Campania is situated. This plain is fertile above…
It began 2 April 1991, 35 years ago this month. Hidden targets There are many volcanoes in the world. At any one time, perhaps 20 volcanoes may be erupting. Over a full year, on average around 50 volcanoes erupt. Some of these may erupt several times – as Kilauea has done episodically in spectacular fashion,…
Caldera resurgence is either exceptionally boring or unbearably interesting. The slow crawl of the Lazufre system stands in contrast with the dramatic reawakening of Kita-Ioto. Some systems however straddle these lines, not up there with the scariest volcanoes but it wouldn’t be right to put them in the “boring’ territory. I can’t think of a…
