Some fault systems in the world are well known for their destructive potential. Examples are Turkey’s North Anatolian fault and California’s San Andreas. In both cases, large events in the not-too-distant future are widely predicted. In Turkey, the march of magnitude-7 earthquakes towards Istanbul has drawn attention. The fault is both locked and stressed close to the city. For the San Andreas, the southern segment has been quiet for a bit too long to feel entirely safe. In both cases is the particular segment not so easy to see. In Turkey, it lies under water. In California, the fault is not so obvious because of erosion and in sone cases, building activity. But nonetheless, they are well known and relatively well studied, albeit also taken a bit for granted by the people who would be most affected.
Other faults are less studied and the dangers may be underappreciated. We have seen that with the East Anatolian Fault in Turkey which took the country by surprise. Further south, southern Lebanon is at serious danger from the Dead Sea Fault which has regularly caused major destruction with magnitude-7 events but has been silent for over 800 years. Such faults are typically located in regions which attract less attention from science, have shorter records of instrumental data, may be less accessible and are less frequently active so that there is less local awareness of the dangers. People may have more urgent things to worry about in these regions!
And now one of those lesser-known fault systems has failed in a predictable but unexpected event. Caracas has been badly damaged. VC had drawn attention to this region just a few months ago when we wrote ‘Caracas was destroyed by an M7.5 (est.) in 1812 and was again but less severely damaged by a similar-sized event in 1900. An M7.3 earthquake hit further east in 2018. The last significant earthquake in Caracas was in 1967 (M6.6), long enough in the past that the city should be prepared for a recurrence.’ We had no idea it would happen so soon.
Venezuela
The country could be one of the richest in the world. It has immense natural resources, has all the good harbours on the Caribbean Sea, and lies outside the hurricane belt. Of course, wealth attracts unwanted attention and people in charge may not overlook the opportunity for some personal benefit and if the region is a colony, may have their own interests elsewhere in the world. It has left the country both rich and impoverished.
Source: wikipedia
Geologically, the nation is also a mixture. In the west, the Andes lurk, signs of the Pacific ocean. There are two main mountain chains here, the smaller chain along the Pacific ocean, and the larger spur running towards the northeast called the Cordillera the Mérida. Both are considered part of the Andes. The southern part of Venezuela is one of the ancient pre-cambrian shields of the world, in part a calm land of wide open plains and in part more mountainous with the high table mountains of the tepuis and the Guiana highlands (with the world-famous Angel Falls). The far east is the delta of the Orinoco river. And the north is the border with the Caribbean sea, with coastal mountains (known as the coastal Andes) and earthquakes. There are no active volcanoes in-land, even if one of the peaks in Caracas is called El Picacho de El Volcán. There are some mud volcanoes in the Orinoco delta.
Source: Audemard et al., USGS https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0018/
Faults
Given this geology, it is not a surprise that the main active faults are along the Andes and along the Caribbean. This follows rather well the main population centres: this combination is one reason why earthquakes here can be devastating.
The two main plates are the Caribbean plate to the north, and the South American plate. The main faults follow this boundary region. A second fault system follows the edge of the Andes and associated mountain region. The faults are right lateral, meaning a slip-strike where the opposite side from where you are standing is moving to the right. In effect, the Caribbean plate is moving eastward with respect to Venezuela while Colombia is moving northeastward. However, it is of course more complicated. The Caribbean plate is also moving towards Venezuela. There is a crumple zone – the coastal mountains – and some of the plate has accreted onto South America. There is accretionary prism is deformed, mainly off-shore.
The main fault system runs from Trinidad to the west. The remarkably straight line of the northern coast, all the way from northern Trinidad to the line of the coastal Andes is this fault line. Further west it splits in two, one segment continuing to the west and the other following the Cordillera the Mérida towards the southwest. Towards Trinidad, the fault has abandoned its original location and is now bending to the southern edge of Trinidad. There are several other, small fault segments bit these are the main ones.
El Pilar
Let’s first look on the east side, towards Trinidad. There is a sliver of Venezuela between two Gulfs, on the east side almost touching Trinidad. The main city in this region is Cumaná, which lies on the southeast tip of the narrow Golfo de Cariaco. The fault line here has split in two, with the El Pilar fault (VE-13 on the map) the dominant one, and the San Sebastián fault (VE-16) running a bit further north. The two are running either side of the Golfo the Cariaco, a pull-apart basing.
El Pilar
The El Pilar fault is considered the most active and dangerous in Venezuela. Cumaná has been damaged or destroyed by earthquakes eight times, starting in 1530 and ending (so far) in 2018. In 1797 and 1929, the earthquake happened in the Golfo the Cariaco, and in 1530 and 1853 in the sea west of Cumaná. The 1997 earthquake measured magnitude 6.8. The 2018 event occurred further east, at the western tip of the Golfo de Paria, and was deep: in spite of the magnitude 7.3, damage was more limited than usual in this region. The typical rupture length on the El Pilar fault is 30-50 km and over time it seems the earthquakes migrate eastward. Cumaná seems in some ways remarkably similar to Istanbul!
Oca–Ancón and Boconó
Bocono fault
On the other side of the country are two main faults. The Oca–Ancón Fault runs along the north, between the Gulf of Venezuela and the Lago de Maracaibo (VE-01a for the Oca fault, VE-01b for the Ancón fault on the map). This is fairly inactive with recurrence times of 2000 to 4000 years. However, when it fails it can produce magnitude 7.5 events. The Oca fault seems safe at the moment, but the Ancón last ruptured 4500 years ago, so has reached its recurrence time. This sectin of the fault should be considered a risk.
The fault running along the mountains to the southwest is much more active. This is VE-06 on the map and is called the Boconó Fault. It is a young fault which shows but lateral motion (around 30 km offset) and thrusting. Three major historical earthquakes are attributed to it, in 1610, 1812 and 1894. The 1812 event likely ruptured the entire fault north of the indicated location, based on the damage which included Caracas. It may be an event similar to the 2026 earthquakes.
San Sebastián
The faults on the east and west are connected by the San Sebastián fault, already mentioned in connection to El Pilar. It runs along the coast north of Caracas. About 50 km west of Caracas, it splits into the Boconó fault an inactive section towards the Oca–Ancón Fault. On the east, the El Pilar fault merges with it.
San Sebastián fault
The San Sebastián fault was considered as relatively inactive. This may be related to the fact that it lies off-shore, and is thus not easy to study or even see. In the USGS overview of tectonics of Venezuela of 2000, the fault is hardly mentioned. That only changed a few years later when the destructive Caracas earthquake of 1900 (magnitude 7.7) was attributed to the San Sebastián. By the way, the fault comes on-shore only in one short section where it follows the runway of the Caracas’ international airport. It is named after the local municipality of San Sebastián de Maiquetía.
Earlier, the 1900 earthquake had been attributed to the Tortuga Fault which runs 20 km further north along the southern coast of Tortuga island where there is a sharp drop in elevation. However, this fault is now known to much shorter than thought and does not extend far beyond the island. An M7.7 requires a rupture length of 200 km or so, which is just about the entire length where the San Sebastián fault is the only active one.
The San Sebastián fault runs along he coast line, along the edge of the coastal mountains and along the edge of a 500-meter deep sea basin. There is over 2 km of elevation difference between the two sides of the fault. It makes sense that this fault is more active than had been realized.
Caracas
The city has a history of significant earthquakes. On 26 Marc 1812, the destruction coincided with Venezuela’s war of independence. Caracas and La Guaira (the port of Caracas) were described as raised to the ground. That may reflect the ancient standard of building. Caracas is located in a fertile but rugged valley with limited room for expansion and few resources: the locals were dependent on subsistence farming. The original buildings were flimsy, made from stone, earth and wattle.
Thde first recorded earthquake was on Saint Barnabas’ Day, 11 June 1641. There was extensive damage, the churches and state buildings were destroyed and 84 people died. Rebuilding took many years. Even the important main fort at the port took 5 years; Caracas itself took several decades before rebuilding started. This may not have been such a large event: given the building quality, a low magnitude-6 has been proposed for it.
On 26 March 1812, a much larger earthquake demolished the city. It changed the land. Rivers changed their course, the city flooded and a lake formed. Over 15,000 people died. There was calls to move the capital afterwards. A magnitude of 7.1-7.7 has been calculated for this earthquake. The reports at the time suggests there were two events, 30 minutes apart, one near Caracas and the other near Merida along the Boconó Fault.
29 October 1900, a similar event hit, with a magnitude around 7.5. In spite of the strength, the damage in Caracas was much more limited than in 1812. Most damage was at the coast. The earthquake may have been located further east along the San Sebastián fault, based on damage much further east.
On 29 July 1967, a smaller earthquake hit about 20 km west of Caracas. The magnitude of this event was 6.6. This caused major damage and around 250 people died.
24 July 2026
Just after 6pm local time, two large earthquake hit in quick succession. In Caracas, they were felt less than a minute apart. The first earthquake was around magnitude 7.1; the second was considerably stronger at magnitude 7.5. There is significant damage in Caracas and La Guaira, with some high rise buildings having collapsed but others seem fine, based on the available photos. There is no information yet on damage in other places.
The epicentres of both events are close together, and located near where the San Sebastián fault and the Boconó fault connect. The first event appears to have broken the northernmost section of the Boconó fault. This area has several towns but is not densely populated. Judging from the USGS shaking map, San Felipe (with a population of 200,000) may be the closest city to be affected. (It is called a ‘small town’ in news reports.)
Source: USGS. Red indicates the strongest shaking, 8 to 9 on the MMI scale.
The second earthquake had an epicentre just to the north, but now the shaking extended eastward. This indicates that now the San Sebastián fault gave way, and broke up to (at least) Caracas. It may have ended at the segment which broke in 1967 although that is speculation. The USGS shaking map seems to show the strongest shaking again near the epicentre, and a little lower a thin region near the coast up to Caracas. The earthquakes were strike-slip faulting. The first earthquake was located at some 20 km depth; the second one was shallower at around 10 km.
What caused the damage in Caracas, which was not located in the area of the highest shaking, judging from the USGS maps. There will have extensive landslides in the mountainous regions. Liquefaction may have occurred where building was on sediments. But the collapse of some high rise buildings may suggest that the main cause was building defects. Each building has its own fundamental frequency, where it responds most strongly to shaking and amplifies it. If this coincides with a frequency present in the earthquake, the building is at risk. The collapsed buildings may not have been strong enough or lacked damping mechanisms in the design.
This would explain the patchy damage in and near Caracas. Whether the situation is worse in towns nearer the epicentre seems not yet known.
Albert, June 2026
Thank you for the article Albert!
The first 2 paragraphs definitely stand out to me. That southern segment of the San Andreas creeps me out in that the lapse in time since its last supposed rupture is so long compared to its other segments. Any particular reason for that? Could that segment behave differently than the rest of the fault?
Also, good work in pointing out the danger from the Dead Sea Fault. I remember reading Yosef Shapira (State Comptroller of Israel from 2012 to 2019) saying back in 2018 that a major quake on that fault could kill up to 7,000 in Israel if retrofittings weren’t built and updating building codes weren’t implemented.
The Nankai Trough is another fairly obvious one to worry about in the immediate future, but another fault I remember you mentioning as being an “imminent” danger was the Manila Trench.
A couple other faults I’m worried about are the Hikurangi Subduction Fault, the Hayward Fault, and the Puente Hills Fault.
I was a bit shocked, to be honest, about Caracas being hit just a few m months after we mentioned it. It brought home that this is about real people and real places.
Regarding the southern San Andreas, it might be as simple as that there is no segment further south putting stress on it. Only the segment further north does so. In the south, it slowly peeters out
“it might be as simple as that there is no segment further south putting stress on it.”
Which makes me wonder a little bit if that section is actually capable of something as big as Fort Tejon 1857 or San Francisco 1906.
More than one section rupturing simultaneously seems unlikely, but the Shikoku Central Tectonic Line really freaks me out. The entire structure is massive and clearly visible on satellite. At the high end, I could see impacts rivaling the Nankai Trough.
Speaking of Japan, I remember seeing a lot of concern not too long ago about the subduction fault off the eastern coast of Hokkaido (the junction area between the Kurile and Japan trenches) potentially producing a large quake in the near future.
I’m afraid that still seems likely.
The other point I get from this article is the time proven consequences of the philosophy of not taking a known problem / danger seriously until after it’s already occurred.
Some other geology-specific examples from the past of this particular way of thinking that I can think of are the consequences of not having tsunami warning systems in place for oceans besides the Pacific that contain subduction zones (2004 Indian Ocean), and underestimating how big of a quake a fault can produce (2011 Tōhoku) and, subsequently, how high of a tsunami wave it can produce.
” the time proven consequences of the philosophy of not taking a known problem / danger seriously until after it’s already occurred”
Indeed, volcanoes are local, but global warming is not and those doing little to reduce emissions (USA china russia et al) in time will not put local gains ahead of future disaster. So we will see what global warming is whatever europe does. Probably not at all pretty.
The Venezuela quake hit densely populated and vulnerable ares.
The death toll of the earthquake is going to increase a lot to perhaps more than 10,000. The 2023 earthquake in Turkey caused more than 60,000 lethalities. The Venezuela quake will be the most deadly earthquake after Turkey 2023.
V1 shows some flow starting around 4 min ago.
And now the north vent fountain is building. Here we go!
This is a very large one! wow
It is difficult to judge from the cameras, but this looks like one of the taller episodes. It is very impressive
Impressive lava stream in the foreground. Seems to start from above the vent. Is this lava from the fountain, or is it overflowing in this direction?
As far as I could tell, it was from the lava fountain. The fountain came down just on the vent side, but the back-splatter was enough to feed the flow on the other side of the ridge
You’re right. I went back to check and it’s definitely from the fountain. Fascinating how it remained so fluid after being sprayed high up in the air.
thank you for the image.
This episode lasted for 7 hours. HVO observed 330 cubic meters per second as peak effusion rate and say, that this is slightly higher than the recent episodes before.
The One-Year record of UWD tilt shows that in March 2026 was a general minimum of deformation and that since then deformation is on average positive. Is Kilauea receiving more magma since March than it erupts?
The GPS measurement of caldera width may give a better idea what is going on. The main change is in the minimum just before an episode. The vents blow much earlier than in the past. The eruption has not changed as much. The increasing length and earlier eruption suggests to me that the magma has grown shallower, in a better established conduit. Apart from that, it seems fairly stable, so that there should not be a large difference between supply rate and eruption rate. It is more or less in balance at the moment
With 50 episodes the eruption has exceeded Pu’u O’o’s number of episodes. Can Pu’u O’o still teach us about the future of the current eruption? The episodic eruptions lasted for 3.5 years (Jan 1983 to summer 1986). The current eruption has run for 1.5 years until now. That’s 43% of Pu’u O’o’s episodic period. I think that I underestimated how long spectacular episodic eruptions can last in the summit, because I’m rather familiar with effusive summit eruptions.
The eruption rate has gone down after E43, which had the tallest fountains over 500m. This is the same point that the average tilt trend flipped from downward to slightly upward. E40-E43 are also visible on the GPS where it flatlines, the magma chamber was deflating.
Regarding the volume the recent episodes have only had one vent, and about half the volume of the double vent episodes from E35-E43, so that is probably the reason the episodes are smaller
While the eruption rate and lava fountain height decreased after E43, the frequency of episodes increased. We now get an episode roughly every two weeks, while until E43 they happened every three weeks.
Compared to the episodical summit eruption Kilauea Iki, Mauna Ulu and Pu’u O’o had tall and great fountains until the end of the episodic eruption style. The switch to a flank eruption or a steady eruption happened suddenly. Perhaps the episodic part of a longterm Halema’uma’u eruption follows different rules than the episodic part of eruptions on the ERZ and Kilauea Iki.
Dig the white birds (Tropicbirds?) flying around the eruption. What a life.
Last I heard, the caldera was predicted to overflow into the Ka‘ū in 2027; I don’t see that happening.
Can someone do an educated guess as to Kilauea’s current m³/sec magma production? And is there data comparing 1969-1974 and 1983-2018?
Thanks!
The average rate at which it is erupted is around 5 m^3/sec. It hasn’t changed much recently: as the volume of each episode halved (and the number of vents went from 2 to 1, as Chad pointed out), the frequency doubled. I would guess that the magma supply rate to the shallow reservoir will be quite similar but that is not easy to measure. Note that the supply rate at dept may be different: the eruption is limited by the rate at which it transfers to eruptable depths.
The fountain height of 300 meter would be the tallest since March
The filling rate is a little higher, 6 m3/s after E43 with the smaller episodes, but supply is a little higher than output now as tge tilt is trending slightly up on average. It was around 9 m3/s average from E30-43 but the tilt was going down on average so outpacing supply.
Since the eruption began the average eruption rate is about 6.3 m3/s overall, and eruption volume is just slightly under 0.3 km3. Its now also officially 0.5 km3 erupted in the 2018 caldera, so it is most certainly past the half way point of even the biggest volume numbers given for the collapse, and likely closer to 2/3. If the 6 m3/s rate holds up then the eruption now will fill the 2018 caldera to overflow right around New Years 2027, maybe January 2028, so slightly later than my older guess but still way before 2030. Depending on filling behavior and eruption style it may overflow the entire caldera immediately or be delayed somewhat, though the vents themselves will likely be taller than the whole caldera rim by this point so this may not matter.
Caveat is the supply might surge, or maybe more likely is pressure reopens one of the rifts again before that. But in any case lava will likely make a shot for the ocean again before the decade is out.
Compare the view of Kilauea’s vent in June 2026 with June 2025:
1. Video of 27th June 2026 (E50):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LSxsb_QG3Gc
2. Photo from helicopter on 27th June 2025:
We can see, how much the caldera was filled during one year. In June 2025 we could still see the steep caldera cliff behind the two vents very well. After one year it is to a big part covered by tephra dunes.
Added to this 2026 we see an impressive strato shield growing around the vents. This shield has like a strato volcano alternating layers of tephra and lava.
NASA FIRMS showing more thermal signatures on Iwo Jima (Ioto) compared to yesterday. Looks like they’re on a couple different beaches on the perimeter of the island.
Don’t see any significant seismic activity nearby on the USGS page, though I admittedly don’t know where JMA maps earthquakes online.
Which areas on the perimeter are they? And how sure can we be they’re volcanic in origin?
And if Tallis’ past comments on the availability of specific and readily available information from JMA is still true, there most likely isn’t a good online resource from the JMA for at least mapping earthquakes.
Here’s data for the past 2 months:
https://www.data.jma.go.jp/vois/data/obs/kansoku/eq_num.php?id=329
Top row is cumulative total and bottom row is daily total.
Here is the graph: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gjUNvS6nhqqRDBXa0C3cQFx54vcmuTy8/view?usp=sharing
Atomic Coyote:
Have you been carefully capturing the data? I have been watching this volcano for several years now, and noticed anomalies on Ioto. The official JMO reports show that the whole island is hot, with heat escaping from the sides of the caldera, over the past decades. Some researchers has attributed this to a floating plug, but I don’t know how much credibility to give to this explanation. However we cannot ignore the fact that the island is rising substantially and sooner or later something major is going to happen.
My take is that its gonna blow up but probably not without at least making it obvious that it is a volcano first. Kilauea started collapsing after about 5% of the volume of its collapse, so if Ioto is to do a VEI 7 it might well have to throw a major 5 just to get it started, not that it cant do that but it is a big escalation from recent behavior and might itself require significant lava effusion or a VEI 3-4 to ket things moving. Im also expecting it to start erupting a lot of lava anyway, probably enough to bury large parts of the island or expand it, and maybe make a lot of cones like Suribachi.
Pretty much, its probably not just gonna blow up in a month time from right now. But if theres a large magma chamber ready to go it could do all of the above within 10 years if things are headed that way. Or it could just keep going inflating for another century for all we know…
With Ioto’s more recent eruptions changing from phreatic to magmatic, I really do wonder how far away we are from the final “tipping point.”
Yeah, it is pretty common for big eruptions to throw something an order of magnitude or so smaller than the grand finale first. There will probably be at least weeks of precursors, though by the time the VEI 4/5 happens there may be as little as a day left.
Yeah I can’t imagine Ioto waiting for very long after a 4 or 5 before serving up the main course.
I can’t see evidence of an eruption plume last few days, only (maybe) on the 22nd.
There are various fumaroles and vents all around the beaches of the island.
Temperature is around 30°C there currently also.
it should be known that the uplift has begun to rapidly accelerate since the deflation pulse last year.
Any noticeable difference in this new specific pattern as compared to the island’s past movements?
2 of the gps stations have been out for 3 months. X086 showed a stronger acceleration trend earlier but it’s horizontal deformation seemed to stagnate.
J604 is maintaining it’s usual direction but it’s picking up speed in all areas
J605 maintained it’s horizontal expansion but it’s unknown if it’s uplifting.
J604 is speeding up its uplift then?
Yes
Another five episodes have gone by, so an update to the graphs I’ve shared earlier is about due:
The deficit after episode 50 ended, was 5.4 µrad lower (50.8 µrad) than after episode 45 (56.2 µrad). Just ahead of an episode this deficit sits somewhere in the low and mid-30 µrads and decreasing as time goes on.
* Episode 46 recharged 5.7 million m³ (15.6 µrad) at 5.5 m³/s average, and effused 5.1 million m³ (13.9 µrad) at 154.8 m³/s.
* E47: 5.6 million m³ (15.3 µrad) recharged @ 7.2 m³/s average | 5.5 million m³ (15.2 µrad) effused @ 170.8 m³/s average.
* E48: 6.4 million m³ (17.7 µrad) recharged @ 4.3 m³/s average | 6.1 million m³ (16.7 µrad) effused @ 188.7 m³/s average.
* E49: 6.0 million m³ (16.4 µrad) recharged @ 5.4 m³/s average | 5.5 million m³ (15.2 µrad) effused @ 205.5 m³/s average.
* E50: 6.1 million m³ (16.7 µrad) recharged @ 5.5 m³/s average | 5.6 million m³ (15.3 µrad) effused @ 221.1 m³/s average.
While episode durations are shortening, the total volume remains more-or-less the same. This therefore means the average volume per second effused must rise, which is also shown by the data.
Interesting that the recharge rate appears to be very slightly decreasing on average over time. I wonder if this might reflect the increasing elevation of the vent and over doubling in volume of lava within Halemaumau, now pretty much 300 million m3 (298.7) and the full volume since 2020 is now over 0.5 km3, and well over 500m deep, like being 1.5km underwater…
The episodes appear to be getting more powerful again even if still only the north vent is participating. Its pretty likely the south will erupt again at some point soon if this trend continues, which will probably relieve pressure and accelerate supply again.
One of the crazy parts is that the south vent is incredibly elevated, probably well over 1100m elevation, and the vent is probably quite narrow again so if it does go up again the results could be pretty spectacular. Not only the absolute height possibly being in the 500+m range but now theres much less wall to obscure it than there was even in March…
The recovery after episode 50 is quite fast, in comparison to the previous ones.
We currently have a deflationary moment on Mauna Loa like in November 2025. In December 2025 Kilauea started a series of big episodes until March. Maybe this time there is again a negative correlation between negative deformation of Mauna Loa and positive activity of Kilauea’s episodes.
This is good 🙂
I dont expect it any time soon, but it would be great to get an update to the magma geochemistry and temperature. The lava for E42 was apparently 1191°C and there was a steady upward trend starting from roughly 1160°C starting about a year ago now. If that trend held the same linear trajectory to the present it may be around 1230°C now. Although this is just extrapolation the recent episodes have been extremely hot and fluid still, just less voluminous than the double episodes. Perhaps none more so than E50, spilling down the side of the cone like water down a slanted window in the rain…
The alternative is the pressure breaks something and new vents are created
There was another swarm of deep earthquakes in the greater Pahala region. Maybe they indicate a new pulse of magma supply into Kilauea’s system.
Its always very fast initially, if its still like this in a few days that would be much more notable though
It has decided to do a DI event. The first one in over a month
I’m really curious as to what might be causing the localized subsidence they’re watching on the V1 cam
Are the recent DI events related to the cessation of the southern vent after E43?
Lifeblack that area has subsided a bunch of times after being flooded, its also where the lava lake from 2021-2022 was and is probably a hole in the crust that has stayed open for some reason. If an intrusion ever opens up into the molten core of the lake its likely a vent would appear where this subsidence happens.
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/PSJ/ada27c
New stuff on Loki Patera
Anak Krakatau has begun with Phreatic activity and is very likely beginning a new volcanic eruption series.
https://en.antaranews.com/news/421445/mount-anak-krakatau-alert-raised-to-level-iii-after-activity-surge
“The increase in activity indicates a magma supply moving toward the surface … Monitoring data recorded a sharp rise in volcanic earthquakes, changes in the volcano’s deformation, and surface activity indicating magma accumulation in the shallower parts of the chamber.
Furthermore, tiltmeter data from several observation stations showed an inflation trend, signaling increasing pressure inside the volcanic body.”
Volcanic eruption series can sometimes be entertaining reality tv series, and they often produce good cliffhangers, where you long for the next episode.
just a little deep?
2026-07-03 02:42:55
Earthquake
Magnitude: 3.31 M
Depth: 122.35 km
It did show up on TRAD 7/3/26 at 02:42 showing a little tremor.
Etna is erupting just watching the live cam.
https://www.youtube.com/live/o8UvwuBuy-E
Thanks for sharing the link. Always fun to watch some volcano action, it’s so relaxing…
https://www.newscientist.com/article/2532929-a-volcano-has-erupted-remnants-of-earths-primordial-magma-ocean/ headline made me a bit sceptical but it looks at magma from Mayotte – sounds interesting
New post is up! The big volcano that isn’t there
https://www.volcanocafe.org/the-kikai-eruption/